Raupapa: He aha i hinga ai ngā mata wiri | Tuhinga 15
Ngā Kupumatua: te keri i te kowiri tira, he aha i uaua ai te keri i te kowiri tira, te whakapakeketanga mahi a te kowiri tira, te mata keri mō te kowiri tira 304 316, te mata keri M35 cobalt HSS, te pakaru o te maramara kowiri tira, te kowiri tira kawe wera iti, te taha hanga kowiri tira, te kowiri tira wehewehe 135, te mata keri whero, te rahunga o te keri whakapakeketanga mahi, te whāngai RPM keri kowiri tira
Pātai atu ki tētahi kua keri i te maitai 304, 316 rānei i runga i te papa o te toa he aha te raruraru, ā, ka puta te kupu kotahi i mua i te mārama ki te pūtaiao: piri. Kāore te keri e ātete noa - te āhua nei ka uaua haere te pana i a koe e roa ana ki roto i te poka. He tika taua whakaahuatanga. Kāore anō hoki kia oti.
Ehara i te mea uaua te keri i te maitai kore waikura nā te mea he pakeke. I tōna āhua whakamahana, he ngawari ake ngā momo noa pēnei i te 304 me te 316 i te maitai taputapu whakapakeke. Ko te mea e rerekē ai te maitai kore waikura ko te mea ka puta ngā whanonga miihini e whā i te wā kotahi, ā, ka kino ake ngā whanonga miihini e toru i ia mea. Mā te mārama ki taua porowhita - ehara i te mea ko te mōhio noa "he uaua te maitai kore waikura" - koinei te mea e wehewehe ai te tukanga keri e mahi ana mai i tētahi e kai ana i ngā kongakonga.
Ehara i te raruraru mārō
Me i te pakeketanga anake te whakamārama i te raruraru, ka taea e te mata wiri mārō ake te whakatika. I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā toa e whakapai ake ana ki tētahi mata wiri mārō ake, ā, ka tahuna tonutia i roto i te maha o ngā kōhao. Nā te mea kāore ngā tikanga e whā i raro nei e mahi takitahi - ka whāngaihia tetahi ki tetahi i roto i te porowhita, ā, ko te porowhita te mea e whakangaro ana i te wiri.
● He ngāwari te tango me te pakaru iti o te maramara — kāore te rauemi e kutikuti ma
● He iti te kawe wera — kāore he wāhi e haere ai te wera e puta mai ana
● Te whakapakeketanga mahi — ka whakapakeke haere te mata i te wāhi e ngana ana koe ki te tapahi
● Te kukū o te wera i te mata tapahi — ka tangohia e te wiri te whiu kāore e taea e te mea mahi te mimiti
He āhuatanga motuhake ia o te maitai austenitic. Ko te momo rahunga ka pā ki ngā kaihoko koia te mea ka puta ina whakahaerehia ngā mea e whā i te wā kotahi.
He aha te āhua o te kowiri tira e "piripiri" ana — te ngāwari me te pakaru kino o te maramara
He ngāwari ake te 304 me te 316 i te maitai waro, arā, ka rerekē te āhua o te rauemi, ka totoro hoki i mua i te mata tapahi, kaua e kutikuti hei maramara poto. Ko te mutunga mai he maramara porowhita roa, tonu, kaua ki ngā kongakonga pakaru iti e kitea ana i roto i te maitai ngawari.
E whakaahuahia ana e ngā tohutoro hanga kowiri tira ngā taumata austenitic i roto i ēnei kupu tonu — he "tere whakapakeketanga mahi teitei, ā, he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga pakaru maramara" i te wā e miihini ana.
Puna: Ngā tuhinga whānui mō te miihini kowiri tira (aratohu hangarau mō te umanga hanga).
Kāore ngā maramara porowhita roa e āhua paru noa iho. Ka takai i te tinana wiri, ka tākai ki roto i ngā putorino, ā, i ngā wā kino ka āraia te taputapu. Kāore e taea e te putorino tākai te kawe i ngā maramara — te wera rānei — i waho o te kōhao, ka pana tika atu te raruraru ki te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
Te Wera Kāore he Wāhi hei Haere
Ko te kawe wera o te maitai kore waikura he tata ki te hautoru o te maitai waro — i te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 15–30 W/m·K me te 30–60 W/m·K mō te maitai waro noa. I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga o tēnā, kāore te wera e puta mai ana i te mata tapahi e memeha haere ki roto i te mea mahi e karapoti ana pērā i te maitai ngawari. Ka noho pūmau tonu ki te wāhi e mahi nui ana te wiri.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta tahi te nuinga o te wera tapahi me te maramara. Engari ko te maramara i whakaahuahia ake nei - he roa, he aho, he mea tākai ki roto i ngā putorino - kāore e pai te whakakore i te kōhao. He iti ake te wera e puta tahi ana me te maramara, ā, ko te mea e toe ana ka mimitihia e te taputapu me te mata hou kua tapahia. Koinei te hononga tika i waenga i te korenga o te maramara me te pāmahana o te taha: ehara i te mea he raruraru motuhake e rua, engari he raruraru kotahi e whakanui ana i a ia anō.
Te Whakapakari i te Mahi — Ina Whawhai te Pūaha
Koinei te wāhanga e whakamate ana i te mata wiri, ā, he hua tika tēnei nō te wera kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei. Ina mirimiri te mata tapahi, kaua ki te tapahi — he iti rawa te whāngai, he tere rawa, he wā whakaroa rānei i waenganui o te kōhao — ka mahi te waku me te pēhanga makariri i tētahi paparanga angiangi o te mata. Ka kaha ake taua paparanga. I roto i te kowiri tira, ka taea e te rohe kua pāngia te eke ki te 40–50 HRC, he mārō ake i te mea kua hangaia te mata wiri ki te tapahi.
Te mahanga: ina mārō te mowhiti o te rauemi, ka uaua ake te ngau a te wiri i te hurihanga e whai ake nei, ka nui ake te mirimiri, ka mārō ake te mata. Ka whakapakari anō - ā, ka tīmata i te wā ka mutu te tapahi ma o te wiri.
Koinei anō te take he tino pumau te ture paerewa mō te kowiri tira: kaua e mutu te whāngai i te wā e huri ana te miro. Ahakoa he hēkona, he rua rānei te roa o te okiokinga, me te miro tonu e pā ana ki te rauemi, he nui tonu hei whakapakeke i taua wāhi kia nui atu i te mea ka taea e te wiri kotahi te tapahi i muri mai.
Te Whakakotahitanga o ngā Tauwehe e Whā
Ina whakatakotoria hei mekameka, penei te raupapatanga o te rahunga:
Te Wāhi e Whai Hua ai te Mata Drill
I runga i ngā āhuatanga katoa o runga ake nei, he mea whakamatautauria te toro atu ki tētahi mata keri "pakari" me te whakaaro kua ea te raruraru. Koinei te anga hē. Ko te take i pai ake ai te M35 cobalt HSS i te M2 HSS paerewa i roto i te kowiri tira ehara i te mea he pakeke noa iho te M35 - engari he mau tonu te pakeke me te kaha tapahi o te M35 i te pāmahana teitei ake. Ka tīmata te M2 HSS ki te ngaro i tōna pakeke taha i te 400°C pea; ko te ihirangi cobalt o te M35 ka pana i taua paepae pakeke whero ki te 600°C pea.
Nā te mea ko te raru matua o te keri kowiri tira ko te wera kāore he wāhi hei haere, ko te momo keri e mau ana i tōna mata tapahi i te pāmahana teitei ake e aro ana ki te tikanga tuturu - ehara i te mea ko te ātete noa i te kakahu whānui. He mea tika kia kī mārama te raupapa:
Ka whakaputa te kowiri tira i te wera kukū → ka piki ake te pāmahana hou → ka ngaro te pakeketanga o te HSS paerewa, ā, ka tere ake te memeha → ka mirimiri te taha memeha, kaua e tapahia → ka akiakihia e te mirimiri te whakapakeketanga o te mahi → ka nui ake te wera → ka rahua. Ka motuhia e te kobalta M35 tēnei porowhita i te taahiraa "ka ngaro te pakeketanga o te taha" — ehara i te taahiraa whakapakeketanga-mahi, ehara hoki i te taahiraa RPM/whāngai.
He mea nui te āhua o ngā pūwāhi mō taua take anō, mai i tētahi koki rerekē. Mā te pūwāhi wehe 135° (kua kapihia ki te rōpū Āhua o tēnei raupapa) ka whakaitihia te reti me te hikoi i te tīmatanga o te kōhao, ka whakapotohia te matapihi e mirimiri ana te mata kaua e tapahi ma. Ko te iti o te reti i te tomokanga ka iti ake te whai wāhi ki te whakaoho i te whakapakeketanga mahi i mua i te tīmatanga o te kōhao.
Kāore tētahi o ēnei e whakakapi i te tukanga tika. Mēnā he pai te whakarōpūtanga o te mata kōhatu M35, ā, e rere ana i te RPM hē, kāore he pēhanga whāngai, he pūwero rānei kei waenganui o te kōhao, ka whakapakeke tonu te rauemi, ā, ka pakaru — he iti noa te wā i muri i te mahi a te mata HSS paerewa. Ka ara ake te tuanui i te whakarōpūtanga o te keri; kāore e whakatika i ngā tawhā kino i raro iho.
He aha te tikanga o tēnei ina rapu ana koe i ngā mata wiri mō ngā mahi kowiri tira
Mena he wāhanga auau o tō raina hua, o ngā tono rānei a ō kiritaki te keri kowiri tira, he pai ki te pātai i ētahi pātai i mua i te tukunga o tētahi ota:
● He kobalta M35, he kobalta M42 rānei te karaehe — e whakaūtia ana e te nui o te kobalta, ehara i te tapanga "mō te kowiri tira" anake i runga i te takai?
● Kei roto i te āhua o te pūwāhi he pūwāhi wehenga 135°, he pūwāhi kōniko paerewa 118° rānei e tika ana mō te maitai ngawari?
● Kei te whakamōhiotia ngā uara RPM/whāngai e taunakitia ana mō te maitai ki te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga, kei te waiho rānei mā rātou e matapae?
● Kei roto i te tukanga kua tūtohutia te hinu whakamatao, te hinu tapahi rānei, he whakaaro noa iho rānei?
Kāore he whakautu tika mō ēnei pātai katoa — e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o te kowiri tira, te hohonu o te kōhao, me ngā taputapu. Engari ko te kaiwhakarato e taea te whakamārama i ēnei pātai me koe he nui ake te māramatanga ki te aratau rahunga i te mea he uaua ake te ingoa o te hua e tukuna ana e ia.
Mō tēnei raupapa
He raupapa hangarau a Why Drill Bits Fail nā tā mātou tīma hanga i tuhi. E arotahi ana ia tuhinga ki tētahi āhuatanga motuhake o te mahi a te mata o te wiri - mai i ngā rauemi mata ki te takai. He māmā noa te whāinga: āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te mārama ki tā rātou e hoko ana, me ngā pātai hei pātai.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-17-2026