I roto i te mākete ahumahi, he maha ngā pātai a ngā kaihoko pēnei i:
He aha i tino ōrite ai te āhua o ētahi mata wiri, engari he nui ngā rerekētanga utu? I roto i ēnei tau e rua, kua kitea e te tini o ngā kiritaki ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu o ngā taputapu tapahi.
Ko te tikanga, kāore te utu o ngā mata keri me ngā taputapu e whakatauhia ana e tētahi āhuatanga kotahi, engari he hua mai i te huinga o ngā rauemi mata, ngā tukanga hanga, ngā whakaritenga mahi, me ngā āhuatanga o te mākete. Ka matapakihia pototia e mātou ētahi āhuatanga nui hei whakamārama i te ariā utu matua. Me titiro tātou ki te hanganga tuturu o ngā utu mai i ngā rauemi mata ki te hanga.
1. Te utu o ngā rauemi mata, te pūtake o te utu
Ko te rauemi matua o ngā mata wiri me ngā taputapu he maitai tere-teitei (HSS).
Ko te take he pai rawa te mahi tapahi a te HSS nā ōna huānga whakarewa i roto, pērā i: Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), Cobalt (Co) me ētahi atu. I rongo tātou i ngā momo HSS rerekē, HSS 4341, M2, M35, M42, ko te rerekētanga ko ngā ōwehenga o ēnei huānga whakarewa. Ko ngā taumata whakarewa teitei ake ka whakarei ake i te ātete wera o te rauemi, te ātete kakahu, me te roa o te whakamahinga, engari ka piki ake hoki te utu o te rauemi. Ka taea te kī ko ngā utu rauemi mata te whakatau i te "papa" o te utu o te hua.
He rerekētanga mārama te mahi me te utu o ngā momo maitai tere-rahi noa:
• Paerewa HSS / HSS 4341: He pai mō te miihini rauemi whānui, he iti te utu
• M2: Mahi pumau whānui, e whakamahia whānuitia ana
• M35 (kei roto ko te konupora): Ātete wera kua whakarei ake, he pai mō te maitai kore waikura me ngā rauemi rite
• M42 (kobalt-teitei): He ātete kakahu pai rawa atu, he pakeke whero hoki, he mea tino pai mō te miihini tonu kaha-teitei
Ehara i te mea ka piki ake ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata mēnā he nui ake te ihirangi koranu, engari ka uaua ake hoki te hanga, e whakaatuhia ana tēnei i roto i te utu o te hua whakamutunga.
I roto i te maitai tere-teitei, ko te tungsten(W) tētahi o ngā huānga whakarewa tino nui, e whai wāhi nui ana ki te pakeke whero me te ātete ki te kakahu o ngā mata wiri me ngā taputapu.
I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, ā, i tēnei tau tonu, e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ahumahi tūmatanui kei te teitei tonu, kei te piki haere tonu hoki ngā utu mō ngā rauemi mata e pā ana ki te tungsten. Ko ngā take matua ko:
• Te kukū nui o ngā rauemi tungsten, ka hua ake he iti noa te tuku
• Te pikinga ake o ngā utu mō te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao me te keri maina
• Te pikinga ake o te tono mō ngā mahi whakangao teitei, te pūngao hou, me te umanga hōia.
Mō te hanga maitai tere-rahi, ehara tēnei huringa utu i te mea he huihuinga poto noa iho, engari he panonitanga hanganga roa, ā, he panonitanga hanganga hoki o ngā utu. Nō reira, kua piki ake hoki ngā utu hanga o ngā mata keri me ngā taputapu i hangaia mai i ngā maitai tere-rahi pērā i te M2, M35, me te M42. He āhuatanga noa tēnei e pā ana ki te umanga katoa.
E whakaatu ana te pikitia i te ia o te utu o te tungsten mai i te Hanuere ki te 29 o Oketopa, 2025. Mai i te mutunga o Hakihea 2026, kei te piki tonu ngā utu o te tungsten. Ki te whakaritea ki te tīmatanga o te tau 2026, kua tino piki ake ngā utu mō ngā hua tungsten nui. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ahumahi kua piki ake ngā utu mō ngā rauemi mata matua—tae atu ki te tungsten concentrate, te ammonium paratungstate (APT), te paura tungsten, me te paura tungsten mō ngā carbide sima—mā te neke atu i te 100%. Kua tata te tipu o ngā utu mō ētahi hua tungsten me te paura cobalt ki te 200% neke atu rānei, ā, kei te pupuri tonu i ngā utu rauemi mata maitai tere-rahi i te taumata teitei.
2. Ko te kounga o te maimoatanga wera, te turanga mahi o te hua
Ko te whakamahana tetahi o ngā tikanga tino nui engari kāore e kitea i te wā whakaputa. Ka whakatau tika i te pakeketanga, te pakaritanga, me te pumautanga whānui o te taputapu i te wā miihini. Ka tutuki i te whakamahanatanga wera kua hoahoatia pai te taurite i waenga i te pakeketanga me te pakaritanga. Ka arahi pea te whakamahanatanga wera kore pumau ki te pakaru, te pakaru, te koretake rānei o te roa o te mahi. Waihoki, ko te tikanga he nui ake te whakapaunga pūngao, he kaha ake te whakahaere pāmahana, me te whakahaere tukanga uaua ake mō te tukanga whakamahana pumau me te whakahaere. Heoi, kāore e kitea ngāwari ēnei haumitanga mai i te āhua o te hua, engari he mea nui ki te whakatau i tōna mahi i roto i ngā tono o te ao tūturu.
3. Ko ngā tukanga hanga me te mana whakahaere kounga, ka pā ki te tika me te ōrite o te miihini
Haunga ngā rauemi me te maimoatanga wera, ko ngā tukanga hanga me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga ka whakatau ngātahi i te tika o te miihini, te ōritetanga, me te pumau o te mahi a ngā mata keri me ngā taputapu i te wā e whakamahia ana. I roto i te hanga tuturu, ko ngā rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā taumata hanga rerekē ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
• Te hoahoa whānui o te tukanga hangahanga, pērā i te whakahaere i te tere o te hapa
• Ahakoa he maha ngā mahi huri tika, he mahi huri-whakarewa rānei i te taahiraa kotahi
• Te whakahaere tika i ngā tawhā āhuahanga pēnei i ngā tapa tapahi, ngā putorino porowhita, me ngā koki whakamuri
• Mō ngā hua tap, te taumata whakahaere i te tika o te mata me te ōritetanga matatau
Ko te tika o te mahi miihini he nui ake te haumi ki ngā taputapu, he roa ake te wā tukatuka, ā, he tino pakari ake te whakahaere tukanga. Ka pā tika ēnei āhuatanga ki ngā utu hanga, ā, ka pā hoki ki te pumau o te hua i te wā e hangaia ana te papatipu.
Ko te kounga hua pumau e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere kounga pūnaha me te haere tonu. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi ahumahi, he mea nui ake te pumau o ngā puranga me te kaha tuku pumau mō te wā roa i te utu o tētahi ota kotahi. Ko te whakahaere kounga whānui ko:
• Te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata
• Te tirotiro tika me te tirotiro i te rere o te radial
• Whakamātautau mārō me te whakahaere i te ōritetanga o te puranga
• Whakamātautau keri tutu
Ehara i te mea ka kitea noa ngā raruraru i roto i ēnei haumitanga, engari ka whakarite hoki kia rite te mahi a ia puranga hua, kia matapaetia hoki. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui ake te roa o te whakamahinga i te utu kotahi. I roto i ngā tono ahumahi, kāore te utu kotahi iti e rite ki te utu katoa iti. Ko ngā hua he poto te ora me te kore pumau he maha ngā wā ka nui ake te whakawhiti taputapu, te aukati miihini me te piki me te heke o te kounga o te hua kua oti. Nō reira, he nui ake te aro o ngā kaiwhakamahi ngaio ki ngā utu miihini kotahi, kaua ki te utu noa o te wiri kotahi, o te taputapu rānei.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-24-2025